前沿拓展：

steam cookie遇到困

您好，目前steam對于steamguard做出攻續魯了一項重要更新，這個改變歌府貨希促呢茶是為了防止賬號的物品被盜，更新后如果玩家在一臺新的設備上登陸steam賬號，而這臺設備之前是沒有綁定過steamguard的話，登陸后的交易將被停權15天。解決方案：為了防止交易被停權，請玩家不要刪除瀏覽器上關于steam的cookie，或者關閉steamguard、或重裝客戶端。一旦被停權只有等15套認注顧握資定陽天后才能開啟。

* 用英語自身來理解和學習英語是最好的方式，《英讀廊》是《滿庭說英語》中的拓展閱讀系列，這一系列的文章力求幫助大家在英語閱讀能力上有所提升，并樹立英語思維；* 推薦的閱讀的方法是：先原文，適當看解析閱讀，還有疑惑再看雙語對照。* 解析中英語單詞的音標使用Dictcom和IPA雙音標標注，如果需要了解Dictcom音標，請參看我們的《dictionary.com所用的音標體系》一文。* 本篇文章難度系數7.7，由《小仙英語伴讀》人工智能難度分析系統提供評分。

#英語#

#英語思維#

When you take cookies out of the oven they are so soft that if you move them too quickly they'll fall apart.【譯】當你把餅干剛從烤箱里拿出來時，它們會很軟，以至于如果你動作太猛，它們甚至會散開。【單詞】cookies 原型：cookie ['koo?k-ee]['k?ki] n. 餅干

【單詞】oven ['uhv-uh?n]['?vn] n. 烤箱；烤爐【單詞】soft [sawft, soft][s?ft] adj. 柔軟的；柔和的；溫和的【單詞】apart [uh-'pahrt][?'pɑ?t] a**. 相距；分開地；分別地

If you wait a couple minutes, they're much more stable.【譯】但如果你等幾分鐘，它們會很快變硬?！締卧~】wait [weyt][we?t] v. 等；等待 n. 等待；等候【單詞】stable ['stey-buhl]['ste?bl] adj. 穩定的；安定的；可靠的

What's happening in that two minutes?【譯】那在這兩分鐘內發生了（導致餅干變硬）？【單詞】happening 原型：happen ['hap-uhn]['h?p?n] vi. 發生；碰巧；出現；偶遇

Butter/fat cools and hardens.【譯】黃油/油脂會變涼，并且變硬?！締卧~】cools 原型：cool [kool][ku?l] vt. (使)變涼；(使)冷卻；(使)冷靜 vi. 變涼【單詞】harden ['hahr-dn]['hɑ?dn] v. (使)變硬；(使)堅強

Bonds between starches and proteins (from the flour and egg) are more mobile with more heat.【譯】淀粉和蛋白質（存在于面粉和雞蛋中的）的混合物隨著受熱會更軟更加容易流動。【單詞】Bonds 原型：bond [bond][b?nd] n. 結合；協定；聯系；情誼；黏合劑【單詞】starches 原型：starch [stahrch][stɑ?t?] n. 淀粉【單詞】proteins 原型：protein ['proh-**, -tee-in]['pr??ti?n] n. 蛋白質【單詞】flour [flouuh?r, 'flou-er]['fla??] n. 面粉；粉末【單詞】egg [eg][eɡ] n. 蛋；蛋形物【單詞】mobile ['moh-buh?l, -bahyl]['m??ba?l] adj. 移動的；易變的；活動的【單詞】heat [heet][hi?t] n. 熱度；熱

Steam is released as the cookie cools so there is less moisture content.【譯】當餅干冷卻時，蒸汽會釋放出來，這樣水分含量就少了。【單詞】Steam 原型：steam [steem][sti?m] n. 蒸汽；水汽【單詞】released 原型：release [ri-'lees][r?'li?s] vt. 釋放【單詞】moisture ['mois-cher]['m??st??] n. 水分；潮氣；濕度【單詞】content ['kon-tent][k?n'tent] n. 內容，目錄；滿足；容量

Chocolate chunks also resolidify.【譯】巧克力塊也會化了后重新凝結。【單詞】Chocolate 原型：chocolate ['chaw-kuh-lit]['t??kl?t] n. 巧克力【單詞】chunks 原型：chunk [chuhngk][t???k] n. 厚塊（片）；相當大的量

Basically, the cookie becomes more viscous/solid in the way that everything else becomes more viscous/solid as it cools.【譯】一般來說，餅干像其他大多數東西一樣，在冷卻時變得更粘稠/更瓷實?！締卧~】Basically 原型：basically 副詞 ['bey-sik-lee]['be?s?kli] a**. 基本上；主要地

Since this has been a point of confusion for like half the people I know, including myself, I feel honor-bound to point out that viscosity is resistance to flow.【譯】因為這對我認識的一半人來說都是一個困惑，包括我自己，我覺得有必要指出粘稠性就是對流動的阻力?！締卧~】confusion [kuhn-'fyoo-zhuhn][k?n'fju???n] n. 惶惑；混淆；混亂；不確定狀態【單詞】honor-bound ['on-er-'bound]['?n?rb'a?nd] adj. 為了榮譽而不得不這樣做的，義不容辭，在道義上必須【單詞】viscosity [vi-'skos-i-tee][v?'sk?s?ti] n. 粘度；粘性【單詞】resistance [ri-'zis-tuhns][r?'z?st?ns] n. 抵抗；抵觸；反對；阻力【單詞】flow [floh][fl??] vi. 流動；涌出

A more viscous liquid flows slower than a less viscous one.【譯】更粘稠的液體比粘稠度小的液體流動起來更慢?！締卧~】viscous ['vis-kuhs]['v?sk?s] adj. 粘的；粘性的【單詞】liquid ['lik-wid]['l?kw?d] n. 液體【單詞】slower 原型：slow 形容詞比較級 [sloh][sl??] adj. 慢的 a**. 慢慢地 v. 放慢；減速

Almost everything becomes more viscous as it cools.【譯】幾乎所有的東西都會隨著冷卻變得更粘稠。

Honey is more viscous than water.【譯】蜂蜜就比水粘稠?！締卧~】Honey 原型：honey ['huhn-ee]['h?ni] n. 蜂蜜

The heat is making the water go to steam which is what makes the cookie spread.【譯】加熱使水變成蒸汽，這就是餅干散開的原因。【單詞】steam [steem][sti?m] n. 蒸汽；水汽；蒸汽動力；輪船 v. 蒸；冒熱氣；行駛；<口>發怒【單詞】spread [spred][spred] v. 傳播；展開；散布；鋪開；伸展；涂撒

This also has a hand in the structure of the cookie.【譯】這也與餅干的結構有關。

When it cools the water evaporates, some of it anyway, and shifts away from is gaseous form and let's the cookie set up.【譯】當它冷卻的時候，至少一部分水分會蒸發，它會從氣態轉化，從而讓餅干成型?！締卧~】evaporates 原型：evaporate [ih-'vap-uh-reyt][?'v?p?re?t] v. 蒸發；失去水分；消失【單詞】anyway ['en-ee-wey]['eniwe?] a**. 不管怎樣；無論如何【單詞】shifts 原型：shift [shift][??ft] v. 移動；改變；轉換【單詞】gaseous ['gas-ee-uhs, 'gash-uhs]['ɡ?si?s] adj. 氣體的；氣態的；似氣體的；無實質的

It's the same with breads or cakes.【譯】面包或蛋糕也是一樣。【單詞】cakes 原型：cake [keyk][ke?k] n. 蛋糕；塊狀物

I have a mechanical engineering degree, so um…【譯】我有一個機械工程的學位，所以。。?！締卧~】mechanical [muh-'kan-i-kuhl][m?'k?n?kl] adj. 機械的；力學的

【單詞】engineering 原型：engineer [en-juh-'neer][?end??'n??] n. 工程師；機(械)師 vt. 設計；建造【單詞】um 語氣詞 int. 嗯

I understand steel pretty well, and I think heating/cooling steel is similar to cookies.【譯】我對鋼鐵很了解，我認為加熱/冷卻鋼鐵和餅干很相似?！菊Z法】be similar to … 表示“和……相似”，例句：His problem is similar to yours. 他的問題和你的相似?！締卧~】steel [steel][sti?l] n. 鋼鐵；鋼制品【單詞】pretty ['prit-ee]['pr?ti] a**. 相當地

Sometimes we "heat treat" steel.【譯】有時我們“熱處理”鋼?！締卧~】treat [treet][tri?t] v. 對待；視為；處理

This applies thermal energy to the substance and causes a phase shift in the phase diagram of steel, based on temperature and carbon amount.【譯】這將熱能應用到物質中，并根據溫度和碳量在鋼的相圖中引起相移?！締卧~】applies 原型：apply [uh-'plahy][?'pla?] vt. 應用；涂；使專心從事 vi. 申請；有關聯【單詞】thermal ['thur-muhl]['θ??ml] adj. 熱的；熱量的；保熱的【單詞】substance ['suhb-stuhns]['s?bst?ns] n. 實質；物質；內容【單詞】phase [feyz][fe?z] n. 相位；方面；局面；階段；時期【單詞】diagram ['dahy-uh-gram]['da??ɡr?m] n. 圖解；圖表【單詞】based on 基于【單詞】temperature ['tem-per-uh-cher]['tempr?t??] n. 氣溫；體溫；溫度【單詞】carbon ['kahr-buhn]['kɑ?b?n] n. 碳

In the end, the steel can become stronger, more flexible, more machinable, the steel basically improves in every characteristic just by being heated and cooled back to normal.【譯】最終，鋼可以變得更堅固、更靈活、更易加工，鋼的每一個特性基本上都得到了改善，只要加熱然后冷卻到正常狀態?！締卧~】flexible ['flek-suh-buhl]['fleks?bl] adj. 柔韌的；靈活的；易彎曲的；可變通的【單詞】machinable [muh-'shee-nuh-buhl][m?'?i?n?bl] adj. 可切削的【單詞】basically ['bey-sik-lee]['be?s?kli] a**. 基本上；主要地【單詞】improves 原型：improve [im-'proov][?m'pru?v] vt. 改善；改進；提高 vi. 變得更好；改進【單詞】characteristic [kar-ik-tuh-'ris-tik][?k?r?kt?'r?st?k] n. 特點；特性；特色

However, with baking, or toasting bread, we add in new factors like moisture and oxygen quantity.【譯】然而，在烘烤或烘烤面包時，我們會添加一些新的要素，比如水分和氧氣量?！締卧~】baking 原型：bake [beyk][be?k] v. 烤；烘焙；烘干【單詞】toasting 原型：toast [tohst][t??st] v. 烤；烘【單詞】factors 原型：factor ['fak-ter]['f?kt?] n. 因素；因數；因子 vt. 把 … 因素包括進去 vi. 作為因素【單詞】oxygen ['ok-si-juhn]['?ks?d??n] n. 氧；氧氣【單詞】quantity ['kwon-ti-tee]['kw?nt?ti] n. 量；數量；大量

Since moisture likes to reside in baked goods, we may dry the subject.【譯】由于烘烤食品中含有水分，所以我們可能會設法弄干它。【單詞】reside [ri-'zahyd][r?'za?d] vi. 居??；屬于；存在【單詞】dry [drahy][dra?] v. （使）變干

Furthermore, the oxygen may form a reaction with the surface of the subject.【譯】此外，氧氣可能與物體表面形成反應。【單詞】Furthermore 原型：furthermore 副詞 ['fur-ther-mawr, -mohr][?f??e?'m??] a**. 而且；此外【單詞】reaction [ree-'ak-shuh?n][ri'?k?n] n. 反應；生理反應；反應能力；化學反應【單詞】surface ['sur-fis]['s??f?s] n. 表面；外表；平面

Finally, the temperature will execute a phase transformation, depending on quantity of materials present in the reaction as well as temperature and exposure time.【譯】最后，溫度將執行相變，這取決于反應中存在的材料數量以及溫度和暴露時間?！締卧~】execute ['ek-si-kyoot]['eks?kju?t] vt. 執行；實行；完成【單詞】transformation [trans-fer-'mey-shuhn][?tr?nsf?'me??n] n. 轉型；轉化；改造【單詞】depending 原型：depend [dih-'pend][d?'pend] vi. 依賴；依靠；取決于【單詞】exposure [ik-'spoh-zher][?k'sp????] n. 暴露；揭露；膠片；曝光時間

Sugar harden.【譯】糖會變硬。【單詞】Sugar 原型：sugar ['shoo?g-er]['??ɡ?] n. 糖，食糖【單詞】harden ['hahr-dn]['hɑ?dn] v. (使)變硬；(使)堅強

Other factor (fat, chocolate, steam) can also play a role, but in my experience "standard" American cookies harden fast due to the high sugar content of the recipe.【譯】其他要素（油脂、巧克力、蒸汽）也能起作用，但以我的經驗來看是因為“標準”的美式曲奇餅干中的糖分含量很高，所以很快就變硬了?！締卧~】role [rohl][r??l] n. 作用；任務；角色

【短語】due to 多數表示“由于；因為”。如：This accident was due to his careless driving．同時，due 與to 單配，還可以表示“付給某人”，如：Respect is due to older people.【單詞】recipe ['res-uh-pee]['res?pi] n. 秘訣；食譜；藥方

This is the correct answer.【譯】這是正確的**。【單詞】correct [kuh-'rekt][k?'rekt] adj. 正確的；得體的

The fats are still too hot to solidify like others are saying.【譯】（拿出烤箱幾分鐘的時間）對油脂來說仍然太熱，不能像別人說的那樣就凝固了。【固定用法】too…to…結構的基本形式為“too＋adj./a**.+to do”，其意為“太……以至于不能……”。有時不定式前可以帶有一個由介詞for引導的邏輯主語，如：This question is too difficult for Tom to answer.【單詞】solidify [suh-'lid-uh-fahy][s?'l?d?fa?] v. 變固體；凝固；變堅硬

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